The following files contain the LaTeX macros necessary for you to format 
your paper based on the instructions/measurements in the INSTRUCT.TXT 
attachment in our standard author kit for 8.5 x 11-inch proceedings. 
The files appear in the following order:

latex8.sty -- the style file
latex8.tex -- the main macro set
latex8.bib -- the sample bibliography macros
latex8.bst -- the bibliography main macro set
latex8ps.txt -- this file, when printed out, and will give you a sample 
of how your paper should look when it's finished. This file is in a 
separate attachment from the first four LaTeX files. Remember to save 
it as a .ps file and strip out any extraneous lines at the top of the 
file to enable successful printing.

Note that both current versions of LaTeX, 2e and 2.09, have the same 
macros -- refer to the start of the latex8.sty file for the opening 
statement for each. 

================= BEGIN FILE: latex8.sty ====================

% --------------------------------------------------------------- 
%
% $Id: latex8.sty,v 1.2 1995/09/15 15:31:13 ienne Exp $
% 
% by Paolo.Ienne@di.epfl.ch 
%
% --------------------------------------------------------------- 
%
% no guarantee is given that the format corresponds perfectly to 
% IEEE 8.5" x 11" Proceedings, but most features should be ok.
%
% --------------------------------------------------------------- 
% with LaTeX2e:
% =============
%
% use as 
%   \documentclass[times,10pt,twocolumn]{article} 
%   \usepackage{latex8}
%   \usepackage{times}
%
% --------------------------------------------------------------- 
% with LaTeX 2.09:
% ================
%
% use as 
%   \documentstyle[times,art10,twocolumn,latex8]{article}
%
% --------------------------------------------------------------- 
% with both versions:
% ===================
%
% specify \pagestyle{empty} to omit page numbers in the final 
% version
%
% specify references as
%   \bibliographystyle{latex8}
%   \bibliography{...your files...}
%
% use Section{} and SubSection{} instead of standard section{} 
%    and subsection{} to obtain headings in the form 
%    "1.3. My heading"
%
% ---------------------------------------------------------------

\typeout{IEEE 8.5 x 11-Inch Proceedings Style `latex8.sty'.}

% ten point helvetica bold required for captions
% in some sites the name of the helvetica bold font may differ, 
% change the name here:
\font\tenhv  = phvb at 10pt
%\font\tenhv  = phvb7t at 10pt

% eleven point times bold required for second-order headings 
% \font\elvbf  = cmbx10 scaled 1100
\font\elvbf  = ptmb scaled 1100

% set dimensions of columns, gap between columns, and paragraph indent 
\setlength{\textheight}{8.875in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{6.875in}
\setlength{\columnsep}{0.3125in}
\setlength{\topmargin}{0in}
\setlength{\headheight}{0in}
\setlength{\headsep}{0in}
\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-.304in}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-.304in}

% memento from size10.clo
% \normalsize{\@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt} 
% \small{\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}}
% \footnotesize{\@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}} 
% \scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
% \tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
% \large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}} 
% \Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}} 
% \LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}} 
% \huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
% \Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}

\def\@maketitle
   {
   \newpage
   \null
   \vskip .375in 
   \begin{center}
      {\Large \bf \@title \par} 
      % additional two empty lines at the end of the title 
      \vspace*{24pt} 
      {
      \large 
      \lineskip .5em
      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}
         \@author 
      \end{tabular}
      \par
      } 
      % additional small space at the end of the author name 
      \vskip .5em 
      {
       \large 
      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}
         \@affiliation 
      \end{tabular}
      \par 
      \ifx \@empty \@email
      \else
         \begin{tabular}{r@{~}l}
            E-mail: & {\tt \@email}
         \end{tabular}
         \par
      \fi
      }
      % additional empty line at the end of the title block 
      \vspace*{12pt} 
   \end{center}
   } 

\def\abstract
   {%
   \centerline{\large\bf Abstract}%
   \vspace*{12pt}%
   \it%
   }

\def\endabstract
   {
   % additional empty line at the end of the abstract 
   \vspace*{12pt} 
   }

\def\affiliation#1{\gdef\@affiliation{#1}} \gdef\@affiliation{}

\def\email#1{\gdef\@email{#1}}
\gdef\@email{}

\newlength{\@ctmp}
\newlength{\@figindent}
\setlength{\@figindent}{1pc}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
   \vskip 10pt
   \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\tenhv\noindent #1.~#2} 
   \setlength{\@ctmp}{\hsize}
   \addtolength{\@ctmp}{-\@figindent}\addtolength{\@ctmp}{-\@figindent} 
   % IF longer than one indented paragraph line
   \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@ctmp
      % THEN set as an indented paragraph
      \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin\@figindent \rightmargin\leftmargin} 
         \item[]\tenhv #1.~#2\par
      \end{list}
   \else
      % ELSE center
      \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil} 
   \fi}

% correct heading spacing and type
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}
   {14pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{14pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} {\large\bf}} 
\def\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}
   {13pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{13pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} {\elvbf}}

% add the period after section numbers 
\newcommand{\Section}[1]{\section{\hskip -1em.~#1}} 
\newcommand{\SubSection}[1]{\subsection{\hskip -1em.~#1}}

% end of file latex8.sty
% ---------------------------------------------------------------

=================  END OF latex8.sty FILE  ====================

================= BEGIN FILE: latex8.tex  =====================

%
%  $Description: Author guidelines and sample document in LaTeX 2.09$ 
%
%  $Author: ienne $
%  $Date: 1995/09/15 15:20:59 $
%  $Revision: 1.4 $
%

\documentstyle[times,art10,twocolumn,latex8]{article}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
% take the % away on next line to produce the final camera-ready version 
%\pagestyle{empty}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\begin{document}

\title{\LaTeX\ Author Guidelines 
       for {\boldmath $8.5 \times 11$-Inch} Proceedings Manuscripts}

\author{Paolo Ienne\\
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology\\ Microcomputing Laboratory \\ IN-F 
Ecublens, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland\\ Paolo.Ienne@di.epfl.ch\\
% For a paper whose authors are all at the same institution, 
% omit the following lines up until the closing ``}''.
% Additional authors and addresses can be added with ``\and'', 
% just like the second author.
\and
Second Author\\
Institution2\\
First line of institution2 address\\ Second line of institution2 address\\ 
SecondAuthor@institution2.com\\
}

\maketitle
\thispagestyle{empty}

\begin{abstract}
   The ABSTRACT is to be in fully-justified italicized text, at the top 
   of the left-hand column, below the author and affiliation 
   information. Use the word ``Abstract'' as the title, in 12-point 
   Times, boldface type, centered relative to the column, initially 
   capitalized. The abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type. 
   The abstract may be up to 3 inches (7.62 cm) long. Leave two blank 
   lines after the Abstract, then begin the main text. 
\end{abstract}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\Section{Introduction}

Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your 
manuscript to the IEEE Computer Society Press. Note there have 
been some changes to the measurements from previous instructions. 

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\Section{Instructions}

Please read the following carefully.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Language}

All manuscripts must be in English.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Printing your paper}

Print your properly formatted text on high-quality, $8.5 \times 11$-inch 
white printer paper. A4 paper is also acceptable, but please leave the 
extra 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) at the BOTTOM of the page.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Margins and page numbering}

All printed material, including text, illustrations, and charts, must be 
kept within a print area 6-7/8 inches (17.5 cm) wide by 8-7/8 inches 
(22.54 cm) high. Do not write or print anything outside the print area. 
Number your pages lightly, in pencil, on the upper right-hand corners of 
the BACKS of the pages (for example, 1/10, 2/10, or 1 of 10, 2 of 10, and 
so forth). Please do not write on the fronts of the pages, nor on the 
lower halves of the backs of the pages.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
\SubSection{Formatting your paper}

All text must be in a two-column format. The total allowable width of 
the text area is 6-7/8 inches (17.5 cm) wide by 8-7/8 inches (22.54 cm) 
high. Columns are to be 3-1/4 inches (8.25 cm) wide, with a 5/16 inch 
(0.8 cm) space between them. The main title (on the first page) should 
begin 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) from the top edge of the page. The second and 
following pages should begin 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) from the top edge. On 
all pages, the bottom margin should be 1-1/8 inches (2.86 cm) from the 
bottom edge of the page for $8.5 \times 11$-inch paper; for A4 paper, 
approximately 1-5/8 inches (4.13 cm) from the bottom edge of the page.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Type-style and fonts}

Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman may also be used. If neither is 
available on your word processor, please use the font closest in 
appearance to Times that you have access to.

MAIN TITLE. Center the title 1-3/8 inches (3.49 cm) from the top edge of 
the first page. The title should be in Times 14-point, boldface type. 
Capitalize the first letter of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and 
adverbs; do not capitalize articles, coordinate conjunctions, or 
prepositions (unless the title begins with such a word). Leave two blank 
lines after the title.

AUTHOR NAME(s) and AFFILIATION(s) are to be centered beneath the title 
and printed in Times 12-point, non-boldface type. This information is to 
be followed by two blank lines.

The ABSTRACT and MAIN TEXT are to be in a two-column format. 

MAIN TEXT. Type main text in 10-point Times, single-spaced. Do NOT use 
double-spacing. All paragraphs should be indented 1 pica (approx. 1/6 
inch or 0.422 cm). Make sure your text is fully justified---that is, 
flush left and flush right. Please do not place any additional blank 
lines between paragraphs. Figure and table captions should be 10-point 
Helvetica boldface type as in
\begin{figure}[h]
   \caption{Example of caption.}
\end{figure}

\noindent Long captions should be set as in 
\begin{figure}[h] 
   \caption{Example of long caption requiring more than one line. It is 
     not typed centered but aligned on both sides and indented with an 
     additional margin on both sides of 1~pica.}
\end{figure}

\noindent Callouts should be 9-point Helvetica, non-boldface type. 
Initially capitalize only the first word of section titles and first-, 
second-, and third-order headings.

FIRST-ORDER HEADINGS. (For example, {\large \bf 1. Introduction}) 
should be Times 12-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, 
with one blank line before, and one blank line after.

SECOND-ORDER HEADINGS. (For example, {\elvbf 1.1. Database elements}) 
should be Times 11-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, 
with one blank line before, and one after. If you require a third-order 
heading (we discourage it), use 10-point Times, boldface, initially 
capitalized, flush left, preceded by one blank line, followed by a period 
and your text on the same line.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Footnotes}

Please use footnotes sparingly%
\footnote
   {%
     Or, better still, try to avoid footnotes altogether.  To help your 
     readers, avoid using footnotes altogether and include necessary 
     peripheral observations in the text (within parentheses, if you 
     prefer, as in this sentence).
   }
and place them at the bottom of the column on the page on which they are 
referenced. Use Times 8-point type, single-spaced.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{References}

List and number all bibliographical references in 9-point Times, 
single-spaced, at the end of your paper. When referenced in the text, 
enclose the citation number in square brackets, for example~\cite{ex1}. 
Where appropriate, include the name(s) of editors of referenced books.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Illustrations, graphs, and photographs}

All graphics should be centered. Your artwork must be in place in the 
article (preferably printed as part of the text rather than pasted up). 
If you are using photographs and are able to have halftones made at a 
print shop, use a 100- or 110-line screen. If you must use plain photos, 
they must be pasted onto your manuscript. Use rubber cement to affix the 
images in place. Black and white, clear, glossy-finish photos are 
preferable to color. Supply the best quality photographs and 
illustrations possible. Penciled lines and very fine lines do not 
reproduce well. Remember, the quality of the book cannot be better than 
the originals provided. Do NOT use tape on your pages!

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Color}

The use of color on interior pages (that is, pages other
than the cover) is prohibitively expensive. We publish interior pages in 
color only when it is specifically requested and budgeted for by the 
conference organizers. DO NOT SUBMIT COLOR IMAGES IN YOUR 
PAPERS UNLESS SPECIFICALLY INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Symbols}

If your word processor or typewriter cannot produce Greek letters, 
mathematical symbols, or other graphical elements, please use 
pressure-sensitive (self-adhesive) rub-on symbols or letters (available 
in most stationery stores, art stores, or graphics shops).

%------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
\SubSection{Copyright forms}

You must include your signed IEEE copyright release form when you submit 
your finished paper. We MUST have this form before your paper can be 
published in the proceedings.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\SubSection{Conclusions}

Please direct any questions to the production editor in charge of these 
proceedings at the IEEE Computer Society Press: Phone (714) 821-8380, or 
Fax (714) 761-1784.

%------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
\nocite{ex1,ex2}
\bibliographystyle{latex8}
\bibliography{latex8}

\end{document}

====================== END FILE: latex8.tex ======================

==================== BEGIN FILE: latex8.bib ======================

%
%  $Description: Sample bibliography$ 
% 
%  $Author: ienne $ 
%  $Date: 1995/09/15 15:19:53 $
%  $Revision: 1.3 $
%

@Article{ex1,
   author =   "Author, Ivan Marc",
   title =   "Some Related Article {I} Wrote", 
   journal =   "Some Fine Journal",
   month = "January",
   number = "7",
   year =   "1999",
   volume =   "99",
   pages =   "1-100",
}


@Book{ex2,
   author =   "Expert, Andreas Nikolaos", 
   title =   "A Book He Wrote", 
   publisher =   "His Publisher",
   address = "Erewhon, NC",
   year =   "1999"
}

====================== END FILE: latex8.bib ======================

==================== BEGIN FILE: latex8.bst ======================

% ---------------------------------------------------------------
%
% $Id: latex8.bst,v 1.1 1995/09/15 15:13:49 ienne Exp $
%
% by Paolo.Ienne@di.epfl.ch
%
% ---------------------------------------------------------------
%
% no guarantee is given that the format corresponds perfectly to 
% IEEE 8.5" x 11" Proceedings, but most features should be ok.
%
% ---------------------------------------------------------------
%
% `latex8' from BibTeX standard bibliography style `abbrv'
% version 0.99a for BibTeX versions 0.99a or later, LaTeX version 2.09.
% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
% btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, and abbrv.bst.
% This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.
% The file btxbst.doc has the documentation for this style.

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
 { add.period$ write$
   newline$
   "\newblock " write$
 }
 { output.state before.all =
     'write$
     { add.period$ " " * write$ }
   if$
 }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem{" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
 'skip$
 { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
 { namesleft #1 >
     { ", " * t * }
     { numnames #2 >
  { "," * }
  'skip$
       if$
       t "others" =
  { " et~al." * }
  { " and " * t * }
       if$
     }
   if$
 }
 't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
 { ", editors" * }
 { ", editor" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title "t" change.case$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
 { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
     { "--" *
       t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
     }
     {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
  { "-" *
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
  }
       while$
     }
   if$
 }
 { t #1 #1 substring$ *
   t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
 }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
 { "" }
 { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
   month
 }
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
 'year
 { month " " * year * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
 'skip$
 { " of " * series emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
 { series field.or.null }
 { output.state mid.sentence =
     { "number" }
     { "Number" }
   if$
   number tie.or.space.connect
   series empty$
     { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
     { " in " * series * }
   if$
 }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
 { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
 { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
 { #1 'multiresult := }
 { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
 { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
 { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  number empty$
    'skip$
    { "(" number * ")" * *
      volume empty$
 { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
 'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  pages empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$
 { pop$ format.pages }
 { ":" * pages n.dashify * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
 { "chapter" }
 { type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
 'skip$
 { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
 { "In " booktitle emphasize * }
 { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
  key empty$ not and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
    { journal empty$
 { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
   warning$
   ""
 }
 { "In {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
      if$
    }
    { "In " key * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #2 <
 'skip$
 { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
     { " et~al." * }
     { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
   if$
 }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "In "
    }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
 { series empty$
     { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
       crossref * warning$
       "" *
     }
     { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
   if$
 }
 { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
 { booktitle empty$
     { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
       crossref * warning$
       ""
     }
     { "In {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
   if$
 }
 { "In " key * }
      if$
    }
    { "In " format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
      format.vol.num.pages output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
 { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
 'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    { new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  howpublished address new.block.checkb
  howpublished output
  address output
  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
 { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
 'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.chapter.pages output
      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
      format.edition output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
      address empty$
 { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
   organization output
   publisher output
   format.date "year" output.check
 }
 { address output.nonnull
   format.date "year" output.check
   new.sentence
   organization output
   publisher output
 }
      if$
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
 'skip$
 { organization output.nonnull
   address output
 }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
 { address new.block.checka
   address output
 }
 'skip$
      if$
    }
    { organization address new.block.checkb
      organization output
      address output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  title howpublished new.block.checkb
  format.title output
  howpublished new.block.checka
  howpublished output
  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address empty$
    { editor empty$
 { publisher new.sentence.checka }
 { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
   organization output
 }
      if$
      publisher output
      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { address output.nonnull
      format.date "year" output.check
      new.sentence
      editor empty$
 'skip$
 { organization output }
      if$
      publisher output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" output.check
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
 { "   " * }
 'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
 { "et al" * }
 { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
 { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
   ""
 }
 { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
 { key empty$
     { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
       ""
     }
     { key sortify }
   if$
 }
 { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
 { key empty$
     { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
       ""
     }
     { key sortify }
   if$
 }
 { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
 { key empty$
     { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
       ""
     }
     { key sortify }
   if$
 }
 { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
 'editor.organization.sort
 { type$ "manual" =
     'author.organization.sort
     'author.sort
   if$
 }
      if$
    }
  if$
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}

SORT

STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #1 'number.label :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * 
  "}\setlength{\itemsep}{-1ex}\small" * write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

% end of file latex8.bst
% ---------------------------------------------------------------


====================== END FILE: latex8.bst ======================