Low power wide area networks are intended for city-wide very low rate networks, typically in unlicensed bands. At present this seems to be a very confused area. The Wikipedia article lists many vendors in this space, as does the IoT Agenda. The Research and Markets paper looks to be very extensive - if you want to buy it at a cost of US$2,500.
The LoRa Alliance may be one of the groups with legs. It has strong industry support, at least. The intention is to allow city-wide networks with millions of devices in the network. LoRaWAN data rates range from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps. It has paid some attention to security (remembering that these are very low power devices)
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"The Internet of Things - a techie's viewpoint" by Jan Newmarch is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://jan.newmarch.name/IoT/.
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